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Child development refers to the process through which human beings typically grow and mature from infancy through adulthood.There are many factors in a child’s development. A child’s development affects how they learn. All children don’t fit the norms of development. The development of the body and the mind leads to the development of skills a child learns in life. Teachers and caregivers need to help the child expand their skills and the knowledge to do the skills well. Infancy begins at birth and ends at two years of age. It's the most rapid period of growth throughout the lifespan. During this period of child development, human beings go from being helpless babies to toddlers who can communicate and reason. Early childhood development lasts from two years of age through six years of age. Cognitive skills increases, in this stage and children begin to advance in thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving, and master a native language.Middle childhood takes place from ages 6 through 12.Fine and gross motor skills continue to develop, this is also known as the school years and traditional education is the focus. Early childhood is typical development from each level of development because early childhood is a time of tremendous growth across all areas of development. Physical changes in early childhood are accompanied by changes in the child's cognitive and language development. From the moment they are born, children use all their senses to adapt to their environment, and they begin to develop a sense of cause and effect from their actions and the responses of caregivers. There are five main areas of development in which children develop skills. Cognitive development is the child’s ability to learn and solve problems. Than there is social and emotional development: This is the child’s ability to interact with others, which includes being able to help themselves and self-control. Speech and language development is the child’s ability to both understand and use language. The next is fine motor skill development. This is the child’s ability to use small muscles, specifically their hands and fingers, to pick up small objects, hold a spoon, turn pages in a book, or use a crayon to draw. Lastly is gross motor skill development, this is the child’s ability to use large muscles. Over the first three years of life, children develop a spoken vocabulary of between 300 and 1,000 words, and they are able to use language to learn about and describe the world around them. By age five, a child's vocabulary will grow to approximately 1,500 words, they can learn to use the past tense, and tell familiar stories using pictures. Using language allows the child to communicate with others and solve problems. Understanding not so much how a child develops, but more of how a human brain works and develops biologically gives the teacher an insight on how to teach that child or group of children.Children’s early experiences, the bonds they form with their parents or caregivers and their first learning experiences greatly affect their future physical, cognitive, emotional and social development.A person’s life successes, health and emotional well-being have their roots in early childhood. If we get it right in the early years, children will thrive throughout school and their adult lives.
