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Unit 2 of this course looks at the general theories about learning and the different teaching methodologies. Here we look at the three major groups of learning and behavior theories such as, maturation, environmental, constructivism, and one further group called, the cognitive developmentalists. All language learning theories and teaching methodologies are based on one of the above mentioned ideas or a combination of them. The next section of the unit compares the L1 and L2 acquisition and outlines the similarities and differences between the processes. Then it continues with the "Adopting an approach" section, which further divides the previously established group of young learners into the groups of 5-9 years of age and 9-13 years of age, and with Jeremy Harmer's ESA methodology pertaining to these groups, followed by the section about the learning environment, which is a combination of the physical surroundings and the created atmosphere. It also discusses the commonly used classroom arrangements as well as the effects they have on teaching and learning, followed by the four skills of language learning/acquisition by levels that every student needs. The final section of the unit identifies the maturation process and the ways teachers need to adapt their approach and methods to the changes in sight.
