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The rise of English is a remarkable success story.The earliest history of the English language can be traced back to 450C.D when Jutes invaded Britain,the Anglo-Saxons began to conquer the inhabitants Celts.The rapid development of the English language has been promoted by two kinds of tendencies:one aims to enrich and refine English; the other attempts to maintain its purity and simplicity.English is one of the most popular languages in the world.Today,English is used by at least one billion people,and about 400 million speak it as a mother tongue,scattered across every continent and surpassed only by the speakers of Mandarin Chinese.For the other 600 million it ’ s either a second language or a foreign language.In countries,like Britain,America,Canada,Australia and New Zealand,English is spoken as a native language.In countries like India,Pakistan,Malaysia and Singapore,English is used as a second language for education,broadcasting,and administration.Then there is English as a foreign language used in countries like Holland,France,Japan and China,where English is used to promote trade and scientific exchanges. Though the Americans and the British all speak English, the American English is quite different from the standard British English. Firstly,in terms of vocabulary,for example, the word railroad in American English has the same meaning with railway British English; the word baggage in American English has the same meaning with luggage in British English; the word "colour" in British English has the same meaning with"color"in the American English.In general, American spelling is more simple than the British. These easier spelling words in American English are all from British originally, but the Americans made it easier to use. The change of the words fully represents the high efficiency and the unconstrained characteristics of the Americans. Secondly,in terms of morphology and syntax,when collective noun is placed in the position of a subject,then American English uses the singular form of the verb,while British English uses the plural form of the verb.For example,The government regards… (American English),The government regard… (British English); to live on a street (American English),to live in a street (British English); Thirdly,in terms of pronunciation; Fourth,in terms of spelling,for example,tire & tyre; check & cheque; color & colour; center & center; defense & defence; traveling & traveling.the Americans pronounce "fast" /fæst/ but the British prounounce it /fa:st/. worker" in American is pronounced as |'w:rk|,in British English it is pronounced as |'w:k| .in british english,there is|a:|,but in American English it is read as ||,such as "pass" |pa:s|,|ps| .You can hear the Americans speak English with tongue rollings in every word with the letter R,but the British don’t. Fourthly, There are many different words in the two English.For example:soccer VS football,rubber VS eraser,cookie VS biscuit…Though they are using different words,they are reffering to the same thing. One of the reason is that Amercian English and British English bring in difference loanwords,Such as Amercian English bring tornado from spain and British English bring typhoon from chinese! Regardless of these differences between American English and British English,with the development of English as a common language for international communications,the gap between them two is becoming increasingly narrower.The two varieties both have made extraordinary contributions to the progress of English language as a whole in their respective course of development.
