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Teach English in Amqui - TEFL Courses

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Phonetics/Phonology (4) Phonology is defined as “the study, science, analysis, and classification of the physical properties of sounds” (ITTT, 2011), while phonetics is defined as “the discipline concerned with the study of the articulation, acoustics, and perception of the sounds of speech (Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, 2005). Just as music is sounds organized into tunes and melodies, language is also organized and patterned in certain ways (Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, 2005). Phonetics and phonology helps us to identify and define those patterns. Although these terms seem to have different meanings, they are frequently used interchangeably in the realm of teaching english as a foreign language. The importance of teaching this subject to english students has become realized in recent years. The patterns in speech can completely change the meaning of what someone is saying. It is important for english students to learn these patterns so they can become confident in their english language skills. Some important areas within the subject of phonetics and phonology are intonation, stress, and articulation. Intonation can be described as the melody, or pattern of pitch changes, of a sentence or phrase (Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, 2005). Intonation is important because it conveys the message of a sentence. For example, if a speaker is asking a question or making a statement, the intonation for each sentence will be different. When making a statement, there is a normal rise-fall pattern in the intonation. This means that as the speaker is speaking, the tone of his or her voice goes up then falls back down at the end of the sentence. This marks that the speaker is finished with the statement and is not looking for a response. If the speaker is asking a question on the other hand, he or she will use a fall-rise pattern. This means that at the end of the sentence, the tone of the speaker's voice will go up. In this case the speaker is expressing a question and that he or she is looking for a response from someone (ITTT, 2011). Intonation is also important in expressing emotions. The tone of the speaker's voice will change when he or she is mad, sad, happy, or confused. It is important for english students to learn the appropriate use of intonation in order to avoid a misunderstanding of their speech. Stress is another important aspect of phonetics and phonology. While intonation is applied to the whole sentence, stress is more concerned with individual words (ITTT, 2011). “In all english words, one of the syllables carries special prominence or stress” (Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, 2005). Each word can only have one stress and only syllables can be stressed, not single vowels or consonants (ITTT, 2011). The placement of the stress in each word governs how that word is pronounced. If an english student puts the stress on the wrong syllable in the word, he or she could be misunderstood. There can also be a stress on an individual word in a sentence. Changing the word that is stressed in the sentence can also change the meaning of the sentence. A final important factor of phonetics and phonology is articulation. Articulation can be defined as the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech. Articulation involves many speech organs including the mouth, lips, teeth, tongue, and palate. The tongue is considered the chief articulator because it helps in one way or another to produce most sounds that are made when speaking (Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, 2005). The physical location of a sound's production is called the place of articulation (ITTT, 2011). It is important for english students to learn where and with what speech organs to produce a sound. Some languages do not produce some sounds that are present in english. These students may have a hard time learning to pronounce these sounds. Using the characteristics of articulation can help these students to better understand how to create these sounds. Using these factors these students can become more confident in and more willing to utilize the english language. References International TEFL and TESOL training. (2011). Unit 13: Teaching Pronunciation and Phonology. Intonation. (2005). In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com.library.capella.edu/entry/wileycs/intonation Phonetics. (2005). In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com.library.capella.edu/entry/wileycs/phonetics Phonology. (2005). In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com.library.capella.edu/entry/wileycs/phonology


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