There are two main aspects that cause problems for
chinese students. The first aspect is connected with the language itself.
english and Mandarin – the common language in
china belong to different language families (
english belongs to Germanic and
chinese to Sino-Tibetan family) that have many differences in fields of phonetics, writing system and grammar. The second aspect considers different learning style of
chinese learners.
Although a different writing system seems not to be an issue for the learners in
china, since all
children learn the letters of Roman alphabet at schools and need to use them in everyday life (e.g. for writing on a computer's keyboard) the phonetics and grammar are far more troublesome. Researches have proved that people who learn a second language after the age of 6 tend to compare it to their native language and
apply its rules. Sentences are not only built ungrammatically, but a lot of
chinese speakers sound “robotic”, when speaking
english. It comes from the fact that
chinese is a tone language and
english is an intonation language. Each syllable in
chinese words has one of 4 tones that indicate its meaning. Therefore
chinese speakers concentrate on the tones and not on the intonation. In
english stress and intonation are critical points of the language thus
chinese students may have communication problems, even if other parts of the language would have been mastered.
chinese students also have problems to distinguish and pronounce some
english sounds such as /ð/ or /R/. They naturally use sounds that are closest to their own language that is /S/ or /Z/ for the /ð/ and /L/ for /R/. Because there are many words in
english that have different meaning depending on the pronunciation sometimes it makes it very difficult for the listener to follow the meaning of the sentence. The examples of pairs of the words in
english that are mistaken by
chinese students are: think and sink, rake and lake.
The significant difference between
chinese and
english grammar is another problem for
chinese students. First of all in
chinese language there are no pronouns that indicate the gender, thus most of students, even at advanced level, confuse the words: he, she, it, its, his, and her. Secondly in
chinese there are no changes of nouns, when talking about plural. The indicators of plural in
chinese are measure words, thus students tend to forget about adding ‘S' at the end of the noun. The same applies for different forms of verbs. In
chinese there is only one form of the verb that does not change according to tenses and persons. There is also no lexical equivalent for the definite and indefinite articles in
chinese. Most of the students put them randomly before nouns. Apart from other problems such as punctuation (position in a sentence and confusion between commas and periods), the biggest problem for
chinese students is the usage of adverbs and adjectives. This is caused by the fact that in
chinese “nouns, adjectives and adverbs do not show suffixes as they do in
english. The word “happy” can be a noun, adverb and adjective.”
The other source of difficulties for
chinese learners is the different culture and style of learning.
chinese students are used to listen and write down everything the
teacher says. Because they study
english since primary school many of them were taught incorrectly and have bad habits.
chinese students in general are also shy and tend to avoid speaking and drilling activities in the class.
In order to teach
english effectively in
china the
teacher should be familiar with all of the problems and try to deepen his knowledge about the language and culture.
Bibliography:
1) Language family - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_family
2) Problems for learners in specific countries - http://www.
tesolcourse.com/
tesol-articles/problems-for-learners-in-specific-countries/
3) Difficulties faced by
chinese efl Students - http://middlekingdomlife.com/
guide/teaching-
english-
chinese-students.htm
4) Pronunciation problems in specific countries - http://www.
tesolcourse.com/
tesol-articles/pronuniciation-problems-in-specific-countries/
5) The differences between
english and
chinese - http://
esl.fis.edu/grammar/langdiff/
chinese.htm
6) Problems for learners in
china - http://www.
teflcorp.com/articles/46-
tefl-problems-learning-
english-different-countries/151-problems-for-learners-in-
china.htm
7) Problems Faced by
chinese Learners in L2
english Learning and Pedagogic Recommendations from an Inter-Cultural Communication Perspective - http://www3.telus.net/linguisticsissues/problems
chinese.html
8) A Study of Pronunciation Problems of
english Learners in
china - www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/.../2336