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There are four different present tenses; simple present, present continuous, present perfect and present perfect continuous. Simple present is merely a subject (e.g. I, you, she, the cat) with the base form of a verb (which can also have an s/es added to the base form), and then an auxiliary verb ‘to be’ and a ‘not’ can be added to make this either an affirmative, negative or positive sentence in this tense. For example; ‘The cat eats a mouse’. ‘The cat’ is the subject, eat is the root word of the verb with ‘s’ added. This sentence has an added object but the sentence would be complete as ‘the cat eats’. A possible activity is a guessing game where the objective is to guess a profession which a person has chosen. This will lead to questions like ‘are you rich’ and the person could respond ‘I am rich’ or ‘I am not rich which are a simple present question, a simple present affirmation sentence and a simple present negative sentence. Present Continuous tense follows the same structure except the verb has an ‘ing’ at the end. This makes the sentence something that is currently in the process of happening. The form is a subject with an auxiliary verb of a variation of ‘to be’ followed by a verb ending in ‘ing’. The same variations with negatives and questions as simple present tense can apply for this tense and the rest to follow. An example of this tense is ‘I am watching season five’. In this sentence, ‘am’ is the auxiliary verb and the ‘ing’ is added to the base form verb of ‘watch’. An activity example is a miming game in which students have to mime actions (e.g. painting, crying, hanging up washing’ and the rest of the students have to guess what the person is doing. This will lead to sentences like ‘I am painting’ which is a sentence in this tense. For present perfect tense, the form is a subject with an auxiliary verb of ‘have’ followed by a past participle of either been (implying something is completed) or gone (implying something is still in the process of being completed). This type of tense refers to something from the past which is still true now. For example ‘I have been to France’. This implies that the person has been there and it is still true that they have been there. An activity example is a questionnaire in which students have to ask what things other students have done. For example; ‘Have you gone scuba diving?’ Lastly, present perfect continuous follows a form of subject, plus auxiliary verb ‘have’, plus ‘been’ and then a verb with an ‘ing’ ending. This tense refers to something from the past, like the previous tense, except the action has continued from the past to the present and will possibly continue in the future. An example is; ‘I have been watching series all day’. This implies that the I began watching the series earlier today and have continued to until this moment (which is a long period of time) I might continue watching later. An activity example is giving a student a prompt with a sentence like ‘You have been drinking coffee. You are alert’. The student with the prompt then has to act out the second sentence while the rest of the class guesses what the first sentence is (which is in this tense form).
