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In this unit, the four present tenses were covered a great deal and were explained how to use them in the affirmative, negative and question forms. The present simple tense uses the base form of the verb plus e or es. In the negative form, we use the subject plus auxiliary verb do plus not plus base form and in the question form we use auxiliary verb do plus subject plus base form. This tense is used for describing some things like habits, routines, directions and instructions, and permanent situations and facts. The present continuous, also known as the present progressive, uses the present tense auxiliary verb to be and the present participle of the main verb with an -ing at the end. Some uses of this tense include talking about an action that is in progress at the time of speaking, temporary actions, and emphasizing very frequent actions which include the word always before the action verb. The present perfect tense is used when we have regular past participle verbs plus ed, along with the use of the auxiliary verb have. We use this form when we talk about finished actions or states that happened at an indefinite time, or when we speak about something which began in the past and is still true now, at the time of speaking. I way to help you determine the proper for present perfect is identifying if the sentence has the word since or the word for in it. There are many irregular past participles so identifying these and conducting "drilling games" will help students remember. The present perfect continuous tense relates past activities to the present by either implying the activity will continue in the future or that the activity was in progress for a long period of time. This tense uses the auxiliary verb to have plus been plus verb plus ing. We use this tense to communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity and to describe a recently finished, uninterrupted activity which has a present result. There are many rules to remember and irregular past participles to use, so creating many activating stages will help the students learn the differences and rules needed to retain.
