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This unit covers how to teach vocabulary and grammar in the classroom. When introducing new language to students, lessons cab be taken by using ‘straight arrow’, ‘boomerang’ or ‘patchwork’ techniques. In terms of teaching vocabulary, it is crucial to select what words are taught to students. Usually, teachers have to consider the following; ‘appropriacy to the students and the task’, ‘frequency and coverage’, and teachability.’ Students need to know meaning, usage, spelling and pronunciation in the lesson. The techniques for vocabulary teaching are different depending on the stage. Engage includes realia, mime, picture and discovery. Study includes gap-filling exercise, word search, and matching, etc. In activate stage, role-play, story building, debate can be used. When introducing grammatical structures, students need to know meaning, use, forms and patterns, and spoken and written form. In engage stage, the techniques like Q&A, using pictures, drawings, real objects, mime are used. Study stage includes gap fills, information gaps, sentence building etc. Communication games, role-play, and debate can be used in the activate stage. Teachers also have to consider language functions when in their language lesson. Language functions include areas such as inviting, refusing, agreeing, and disagreeing, suggesting, etc. In language function lessons, boomerang and patchwork type ESA lessons can be effectively used.
